Carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere, linked to fossil fuel combustion and emissions, was climbing year after year. This was one of the first signals that we had moved into the Anthropocene. Both Greenland and Antarctica are now experiencing significant amounts of mass loss. We are at risk of losing the vast treasure houses in the tropics where agricultural frontiers are expanding, and most of the deforestation is currently taking place. We must understand what is happening to be able to act upon it.