This year, a group in Japan, Imachi and Nobu, were able to do it. It turned out that 12 years ago they did a similar experiment off the coast of Japan: they collected stuff from the seabed, they tried to take it up, they tried to culture. What they found after this heroic 12 years of effort is that they got a culture and they were able to picture an organism. What was really amazing is that they didn’t find one organism because archaea don’t live alone, they actually live as symbionts. which is now part of a family called Ascot Archaea: there’s Loki, Heimdall, Thor, named after the Nordic gods. They live with other organisms. So, they found this organism and discovered that it lives as an obligate: it has to live with another organism to share resources to live. They took a picture of it, with electron microscopy, and the picture looked quite like the cell we had drawn in our theory of an archaeal cell that grows protrusions to enable it to touch other cells, to share resources as a first step in becoming a complex cell, a sort of complex community, which is what our cells are like.
And so this is the direction my lab is continuing to pursue to try to find out how the next stages happened and to sort of flesh out this idea. What we’ve discovered in that research recently, for example, is that there are many aspects of archaeal biology that really are very similar to our biology. So, although we’re separated by billions of years, these are single cells, tiny cells, the ones we study from the thermal pools in Yellowstone National Park. They grow at 75°C in sulphuric acid, but if you look at them with the right eyes, you’re looking to see what they share with us. They share a lot of biology with us. We really think that by studying them, we can learn much more about ourselves.